St. John's Bible is complete took 11 years for Drawing every letter and illustration in a Bible painstakingly by hand.
The Benedictine monks at St. John's Abbey and St. John's University in College ville, Minn., commissioned the Bible in 1998 to celebrate the beginning of a new millennium. The first words were written on Ash Wednesday 2000, and the seventh and final volume - "Letters and Revelation" - was completed earlier this year, with the final word - "Amen" - written on May 9, 2011.
"It has far surpassed what any of us ever imagined in our most optimum moments," Abbot John Klassen said in an interview at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, where the final pages of the St. John's Bible go on display Friday.
Klassen, who leads an abbey of about 145 monks located 70 miles northwest of Minneapolis, estimates the project cost about $8 million. He said the Bible was paid for by donations through the years, and the abbey also expects to make money on full-size "Heritage Edition" facsimiles that cost about $140,000 for a complete set.
"This (the Heritage Edition) is a major investment for anyone. But it is truly, I think, of that kind of caliber," Klassen said Thursday. "The quality of the workmanship and the quality of the artistry is phenomenal."
Scribes working in Wales under the supervision of chief calligrapher Donald Jackson used quills cut from goose or swan feathers (Jackson was the sole writer and illuminator of Revelation). Words were written on large sheets of prepared vellum, or calfskin, and paints were hand-ground from such precious minerals or stones as gold, silver or malachite. Gold or silver leaf gild was then used to illuminate or bring pages to light.
When open, the facing pages measure about 3 feet wide by 2 feet tall. The Bible runs nearly 1,150 pages in seven separate volumes.
Modern touches dominate the St. John's Bible, believed to be the only handwritten and illuminated Bible commissioned by a Benedictine monastery in the more than 500 years since the invention of the printing press. Klassen sweeps his hand across a page from Ezekiel, which shows "The Valley of Dry Bones" at the bottom as a gray pile of skulls of victims of the Khmer Rouge, a crashed car, and victim eyeglasses from the Holocaust. But at the top of the page are shimmering rainbow colors representing God's covenant with his people.
Bible scholar Ben Witherington, a professor and author who teaches at Asbury Theological Seminary in Wilmore, Ky., says he has never encountered anything similar to the St. John's Bible. He says writing a Bible by hand - a tradition dating to medieval times - is "enormously difficult."
"You have to have an unbelievably steady hand to do this," Witherington said in a telephone interview. "You have to be exact. You have to have a plan all laid out in advance of how much space to give to the letter and word."
"The St. John's Bible: Amen!" exhibit runs through Nov. 13 at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. The display includes 18 pages from "Letters and Revelation" including original text and illuminations. In addition, an exhibition of 44 original pages from the St. John's Bible "Wisdom Books" and "Prophets" will be on display at the New Mexico History Museum from Oct. 21, 2011, to April 7, 2012.
